THE HISTORY AND SYSTEMS OF PSYCHOLOGY COURSE
* schools of thought in the first decades of psychology [see link on web page]
SCIENTIFIC MATERIALISM AND PSYCHOLOGY
* cortical localization of function: Franz Joseph Gall and phrenology
(6E 244-247) (7E 230-233) [see optional link on web
page] , Phineas Gage (not in 6E) (7E 234) [see optional link on web
page] , Paul Broca (6E 248-250) (7E 234-236), Karl Lashley (6E 606-608) (7E 568-570)
* contemporary approaches to the mind in psychology: Cognitive Neuroscience;
Parallel Distributed Processing a.k.a. Neural Networks or Connectionism (6E 635-639
on New Connectionism) (7E: pp. 601-605) and its antecedents [see link on web page]
PSYCHOLOGY AS A NATURAL SCIENCE: FOUR DEFINITIONS
[see link on web page] and [see these slides]
* textbook definition "science of mind and behavior" / overview
of psychology's history; (6E 623-628)
(7E 585-595: more specifically
588-591 "Cybernetics", "Language and Information", "Physiological
and Gestalt Influences"; skip "More Social Psychology", 592-595 "a
Cognitive Revolution") on the birth of cognitive psychology; (6E 616) (7E 589) on Chomsky; see also
"Early Psychology" readings (below) for voluntarism, structuralism and
behaviorism
* philosophical definition ("science of experimental epistemology"):
rationalism/nativism and empiricism/associationism, including Chomsky and language
development; 6E 18-23 (7E 17-22) empiricism, nativism, and rationalism [see link on web page for some brief passages
scanned from Erika Hoff's text that describe the Chomskyan view of language acquisition,
along with an orientation to the perspectives of empiricism and nativism. Focus
on the familiar parts that come up in lecture -- though there's not much of it that
doesn't come up in lecture since I did edit it to be appropriate for our class.
Consider the section on "interactionism" to be about the degree to which
a theory should be empiricist or rationalist, and the nature of the relevant experience.]
* natural science definition ("science of knowing and
experiencing")
* practical definition (extensional definition) ("science of
things that move around on their own")
* implications of definitions for the materialist scientific world
view
EARLY PSYCHOLOGY
* Kant's arguments against psychology as a science (6E 195-196; 7E 184; see also note on web
page, reproduced below)
* Mueller 6E 235-236; 7E 221-223 ("Doctrine Of Specific Nerve Energies")
* Helmholtz pp. 237-242; 7E 223-227 ("Helmholtz's Stand Against Vitalism";
"Rate Of Nerve Conduction" through "Helmholtz's Contributions")
* Donders pp. 269; 7E 254-255 ("Mental Chronometry" - in the middle
of the Wundt section)
* Weber pp.
251-252; 7E 237-238 (esp. "Judgments are relative")
* Fechner
pp. 254-256; 7E 240-243 ("Psychophysics")
* Wundt and
voluntarism: 6E 262-264 & 266-267; 7E 248-250 & 252-253 ("Psychology's
goals"; "Mediate and immediate experience"; "Wundt's use of
introspection"); 6E 268-270; 7E 254-255 ("Mental chronometry"); 6E 271-272; 7E 256-257 ("Volitional Acts";
"Volkerpsychologie"; "The Historical Misunderstanding of Wundt")
* Titchener
and structuralism: 6E 275-277; 7E 260-262 ("Psychology's goals"; "Titchener's use of introspection";
"Mental elements"; "Law of Combination"); 6E 277-278; 7E 263-264 ("The decline of structuralism")
* Kulpe and
the imageless thought debate: 6E 283-285; 7E 268-270
* Watson and
the founding of behaviorism: 6E 401; 7E 385 (quote); 6E 404-405; 7E 388-389 ("Language and Thinking");
6E 407-408; 7E 390-392 ("Watson's experiment with Albert"); 6E 411-412;
7E 394-395 ("the mind-body problem"; "Watson's influence")
* Functionalism:
6E 336-337; 7E 322-323 ("Stage Four: US Functionalism";
"Characteristics of Functionalistic Psychology"); 6E 376; 7E 361 last paragraph before Summary
("The Fate Of Functionalism")
THE MIND-BODY
PROBLEM AND ITS RELATION TO PSYCHOLOGY
* dualism:
substance dualism (interactionist / Cartesian, popular); property dualism (epiphenomenalism,
interactionist property dualism, elemental property dualism)
* monism:
idealism, materialism (philosophical behaviorism, reductive materialism / identity
theory, functionalism)
* Mind-Body
Problem web page [see this link]; CH.1 pp. 17-19 mind-body
problem (secondary to the Mind-Body Problem web page); CH.20 pp. 628-635 on Artificial
Intelligence, Turing, Searle, Information-Processing Psychology; pp. 633-634 "The
Return Of The Mind-Body Problem" [see this link]
PHILOSOPHY
OF SCIENCE
* CH.1 pp.
7-14 "What Is Science" [see this link], Logical Positivism [see
this link and this diagram], Popper, and Kuhn [see this diagram]; pp. 14-17 determinism
ALL OF THE CORRESPONDING
SEVENTH EDITION READINGS ON THE MIND-BODY PROBLEM, TURING AND SEARLE, AND
PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE CAN BE FOUND IN CH.1 PAGES 6-17 AND CH.19 PAGES 595-601.
FOUNDATIONS
OF ONTOLOGY AND EPISTEMOLOGY IN EARLY GREEK PHILOSOPHY
* CH.2: pp.
29-38 on Thales, Anaximander, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Pythagoras, Empedocles, Democritus;
pp. 38-41 on Early Greek Medicine; pp. 41-60 on the Sophists, Socrates, Plato, and
Aristotle
7th edition:
* CH.2: pp.
29-36 on Thales, Anaximander, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Pythagoras, Empedocles, Democritus;
pp. 36-38 on Early Greek Medicine; pp. 39-56 on the Sophists, Socrates, Plato, and
Aristotle
* Freud and
Plato: pp. 531-532 on id, ego, and superego; pp. 527-528 and 534-536 on the Oedipus
Complex and its resolution in the "phallic stage" of psychosexual development
7th edition:
* Freud and
Plato: pp. 504-505 on id, ego, and superego; pp. 501-502 and 507-508 on the Oedipus
Complex and its resolution in the "phallic stage" of psychosexual development
* Mapping
Aristotle's Four Causes onto behaviorist theories of learning: Lashley and material
cause, p. 607 (mass action and equipotentiality); Hull and efficient cause, pp.
435-437 (esp. "Reaction Potential"); Tolman and formal cause, pp. 430-431;
Skinner and final cause, p. 445 (section on "Operant Behavior") and p.
448 (section on "Skinner's Attitude Toward Theory")
7th edition:
* Mapping Aristotle's
Four Causes onto behaviorist theories of learning: Lashley and material cause, p.
568-569 (mass action and equipotentiality); Hull and efficient cause, pp. 413-415
(esp. "Reaction Potential"); Tolman and formal cause, pp. 427-428; Skinner
and final cause, p. 420 (section on "Operant Behavior") and p. 422-423
(section on "Skinner's Attitude Toward Theory")
THE SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
* Augustine
pp. 78-79 (stop before "the Will")
* Scholasticism
p. 86
* Thomas Aquinas
pp. 89-91
* Galileo
pp. 108-112
* Newton pp.
112-114
7th edition:
THE SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
* Augustine
pp. 74-75 (stop before "the Will")
* Scholasticism
p. 81
* Thomas Aquinas
pp. 84-85
* Galileo pp.
102-105
* Newton pp.
105-107
FOUNDATIONS
OF MODERN EPISTEMOLOGY
* Descartes
pp. 117-124
* John Locke
pp. 134-140
* George Berkeley
pp. 140-143
* David Hume
pp. 143-150
* Immanuel
Kant pp. 192-196
* Platonic
and Aristotelian themes in psychology [Epistemology web page]
7th edition:
FOUNDATIONS
OF MODERN EPISTEMOLOGY
* Descartes
pp. 111-117
* John Locke
pp. 126-131
* George Berkeley
pp. 131-134
* David Hume
pp. 134-140
* Immanuel Kant
pp. 180-185
* Platonic and
Aristotelian themes in psychology [Epistemology web page]
